Research on Astronomical Orientation in the Greek Temples Using Solar Analysis Software: The Parthenon as a Case Study

Ezequiel Uson Guardiola, and Carles Guillen Amigó

School of Professional & Executive Development, UPC, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract: The aim of this research was to analyze the astronomical orientation of Greek temples and the relationship between that and the religious rituals carried out in them, using solar analysis software tools. For our case study, we chose the temple of the Parthenon. Highly practical solar analysis software tools enabled us to determine the astronomical azimuth of the building’s main longitudinal axis with a high degree of accuracy and to simulate the manner in which solar radiation was allowed to penetrate the innermost areas of the sanctuary. We also calculated the intensity of natural lighting entering the building and the time of year when this would have happened. The methodology applied in this research could be extrapolated to undertake similar analyses of other Greek temples.

Key words: astronomical orientation, solar analysis software tools, the Parthenon, Panathenaea Festival