Re-inventing Islamic Civilization in the Sudanic Belt:

The Role of Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio

Abba Idris Adam 
(Yobe State University, Nigeria)

Abstract: Islamic civilization has left a great impact in Sub-Saharan Africa as a result of several Islamic Empires that existed in the region. Empires like Ghana (790–1076), Kanem/Bornu (700–1376), Mali (1230–1600) and Songhay (1340–1591) were clear indications of the presence of Islamic civilization in the region. However, as time goes, these Islamic empires collapsed, and Islamic civilization declined due to the widespread of vices and illiteracy in the region. From the beginning of the 18th century these practices were partly regarded as part of Islam. So, in response to this depravity, a revivalism and reform movement was organized and led by Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio (1755–1817). This reform movement led to the re-invention of Islamic civilization and establishment of Sokoto Caliphate in the present day of northern Nigeria. This paper discusses the role of Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio in reviving and re-inventing Islamic civilization in the Sudanic Belt. The paper analyses his career, thoughts and intellectual activities. It concludes by highlighting some of the books he authored in defence of Islamic civilization.

Key words: Islamic Civilization, Dan Fodio, Africa