A Synthesis of the Strategic Orientations and NGO Legitimacy in the African Economic Setting

Vincent Bagire¹, Evans Aosa², Zachary B. Awino^2
(1. Department of Business Administration, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda;
2. School of Business, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya)

Abstract: This paper provides a synthesis of the activities, programs and services of NGOs so as to draw lines to appreciate their legitimacy and role in an African economic context. The data was collected from NGOs through a questionnaire and review of printed and on-line materials. The findings were that NGO performance is being questioned, with mixed views of their legitimacy, role, financing, operations, strategy orientations and sustainability agenda. They are however, active in various sectors, have become a force to reckon with, receive huge funding, have multiple beneficiary targets and are supplementing government services. Nonetheless, the government is at pains to accept their legitimacy and thus their relationship is still full of suspicion. By underpinning the work of NGOs and finding support from the literature of their nature and operating environment, we provide support for their economic existence. For policy makers, the paper makes key statements that will guide policy formulation and implementation, leveling the legal regimes and re-establishing grounded approaches for benefiting communities as well as taking advantage of their contribution to economic and social development. For Managers, we identify lines of thought to conclude that the NGO phenomena need to be re-conceptualized in view of the dynamic environment. While many studies have been done on NGOs, we contribute knowledge from the strategic and business management dimension.

Key words: NGOs; strategy; service orientations; strategic choices; legitimacy; resources and capabilities; structure; performance; management

JEL code: M100