Abstracts: The main purposes of the study are next. Firstly, is to research and explain the phenomenon of electoral absenteeism. Secondly is to propose means of solving of problem of electoral absenteeism like one of most destructive for democracy problem. The research instrument in theoretical sphere is methodological toolkit of theory of rational choice. And the research instrument in practical sphere is analyze and comparing of data from research of different scientists about problem of electoral absenteeism and connected problems within society. All analyzed in research data is taken from certified scientific researches or informative resources after checking them for absence of contradiction. The results of the study were as following. Electoral absenteeism can be logically explained like paradox of rationality from the position of theory of rational choice. That is like irrational within society thing which is caused by rational motives of individual members of this society. That is irrational crisis of insufficiency of support of democratic system during voting caused by decision of individual members of this system not to participate in this voting from rational reasons (discrepancy between individual costs and results of such voting). Explanation of electoral absenteeism like paradox of rationality and existence of paradoxes of rationality at whole are verified from number of researches. This position also gives possibilities to define means of solving of this problem. That’s means of linking individual and collective rationalities by negative and positive incentives in pair. First are compulsory voting and campaign against political unconsciousness, second are simplification of process of voting and promoting of active participation in elections. And efficiency of right using of these means or non-efficiency of their not right using is verified by example of real political practice of number of countries like Brazil, Australia and Austria.

Key words: electoral absenteeism, paradox, rationality, irrationality, positive incentive, negative incentive